What tests should someone with a family history of diabetes get, and how often?

With a first-degree relative affected, screening should start earlier than general guidance and continue regularly — commonly HbA1c or fasting glucose annually from around 30, or earlier if there are additional risk factors like obesity, PCOS, hypertension or a history of gestational diabetes. Worth doing alongside: blood pressure, a lipid profile, waist circumference measured properly, and liver enzymes given how common fatty liver is. Also relevant, and often forgotten: family history changes what your normal-range result means, because risk accumulates over decades and the point of early detection is the window for prevention.